Research is a source which can be draw upon to make a substantial
contribution to the body of the knowledge; research should be followed by some
sort of original contribution. The primary stage includes
Observation:
Research start with observation, which leads to curiosity to learn more
about what has been observed. Observation can either be unaided visual
observation or guided and controlled observation.
Sometimes a casual or associated observation leading to substantial
research and a great invention. Deliberate and guided observation can also form
the basis for research. While observation leads to research, research results
in elaborate observation and convulsions; or even further research observation
can either be subjective or objective. These are participant observation, on
–participant observation, controlled observation and non controlled
observation.
Interest:
The observation of certain occurrences creates an interest and
inquisitiveness in the mind of the researcher to study it further. This is the
basis of interest to study the subject matter of observation. It may be self
interest or group interest. The interest is the guiding force behind any
research.
Crystallization:
Crystallization is the process of designing the definite form of
Research to be undertaken for the purpose of studying the subject matter. It is
the formulation of the research project, a defining its objectives, rationale, scope,
methodology, limitations, including financial commitments and sources. It is at
this stage that the research project is given a concrete shape and structure,
forming a basis of further investigation.
Formulation of hypothesis:
At this stage the hypothesis is formed on the basis of observation.
Hypothesis is apart of the scientific method, and has been dealt with in detail
in the chapter on “scientific method and hypothesis”
Primary synopsis:
Synopsis is a summary /outline/brief of any subject. It is not a
complete subject still formalization of a subject/replica of a subject. It
saves time. It will give an idea of time required for presentation of the main
subject. Once the subject is decided you can arrange titles likes like main
headings, paragraph heading-elaborate the paragraph with important of main
issues.
Conceptual clarity:
Any researcher should have in-depth background knowledge of the topic of
his study. He can gain such basic knowledge only be an extensive reading of
text books, specialized books and publications on the topic in addition to
articles and research papers published in journals and periodicals, reports of
the past studies, etc. he can also gain knowledge by details discussion with
the people concerned and by his own observation. However it is imperative for a
researcher to gain a deep knowledge form any reliable source prior to actually
plunging himself into a research, so theta he may have clear knowledge of the
concepts which would be of value to him in his task.
Documentation:
The documentary sources are important sources of information for a
researcher. A document is anything in writing – a record, files or diaries,
published or unpublished- which can be extracted and used in research. It is
very valuable source of information for research either in management or in
social science. it may comprises office files, business and legal papers,
biographies, official and unofficial records, letters, proceedings of any
courts ,committees, societies, assemblies and parliaments, enactments,
constitution, reports of surveys or research of commissions, official
statistics, newspapers editorials, special articles, company news, cases or
company directors reports etc. documentation is the process of collecting and
extracting the documents which relevant research.
Documents may be classified into:
1) Personal documents
2) Company documents
3) Consultants report and published materials and
4) Public documents
Bibliography:
At the end of any research report a bibliography is generally added.
This is the list of books publication, periodicals, journals, reports, etc
which are used by researcher in the connection with the study.
It is a description of books, their authorship, editions, publishers,
year of publication, place of publication etc. in ordinary circumstance, a
researcher reads, and makes notes form, many books and publications at the
primary stage of researcher in order to gain conceptual clarity. He prepares a
list of such publications are reports then and there, which helps him in the
course of his research. Some mistakenly believe that a bibliography is merely a
list of publication compiled at the end of report writing like an appendix. On
the contrary a bibliography contains and is composed of the details of
publications that the researcher has used in connection with his study. These
facilities any further reference to the matter either by the researcher himself
or anybody who goes through the researcher report.
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